Slovakia Economic progress APRIL 2008
The good news continues
- Slovakia passes the Lisbon treaty
- March HICP (due on Wednesday) should confirm that Slovakia meets the nominal Maastricht inflation criterion with a big buffer
- The 12-month rolling trade deficit now stands at -0.6% of GDP……the full-year 2008 trade balance could reach a surplus worth 0.2% of GDP !!!
- Retail sales surprised again coming in at 16.6% YoY
- The probability for 2008 Eurobond issuance decreased
- As expected, the government passed updated fiscal targets for 2008-2011
February industrial production accelerated to 11.5% YoY
Paris to Bratislava via super fast train
Jacques Barrot, European Commission Vice-President responsible for transport, inaugurated the TGV Est high-speed line. This completed the first phase of work on the largest railway engineering project at the start of this century, which the European Union has cofinanced to the tune of €241 million. The 300 kilometres of track already built between Paris and Baudrecourt in Lorraine are the first section of a 1 500-kilometre European railway line intended to link Paris and Bratislava via Strasbourg, Stuttgart, Munich and Vienna.See more of the train connecting Bratislva to Vienna and eventually German and french cities including Frankfurt and Paris as well as London via Eurostar. This train has the ability to speed at 574Km/h which is basically asmuch as a plane in cruising speed.
Slovakia posts GDP growth of 14% for the last quarter 10.3% for the year
Slovakia’s economic growth in the last quarter of 2007 increased from 9.4% in the third quarter to a surprising 14.1%. Although a small part of this increase was caused by one-off excise tax income related to increasing stock of tobacco products created due to the expected increase of excise tax on these products.Investment pours into Slovakia, the ireland of the 00es?
The Slovak economy improved its position by five places in the economic freedom chart and ranked 35th according to the result of an annual survey conducted by the US organization The Heritage Foundation in cooperation with The Wall Street Journal, and its Slovak partner, the F. A. Hayek foundation.
The Japanese company, Sony, has stated that it has serious interest in further investments in Slovakia. It plans to establish a logistic and distribution centre to provide direct deliveries to Slovakia and European markets including Germany, the UK, Ukraine, Italy and Scandinavia.
According to the Minister of Economy, Jan Pociatek, Slovakia should not have any problems with meeting the inflation related Maastricht criterion. “Everything is under control. I do not foresee any unexpected developments regarding Slovak inflation compared to the Euro-zone,” he said speaking to Reuters before a meeting of EU Ministers of Finance. Slovakia’s plan to meet the budget criterion was on the agenda of the meeting.The Chairman of the Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SOPK), Peter Mihok, signed a protocol on accession to the Declaration of Social Commitment to Adopt and Use the Euro in the Slovak Republic.
On January 1 broadband internet penetration was 17.24% in Slovakia.
The cabinet plans to decrease the public finance deficit below 2% of GDP, which is lower than the original target of 2.3% stated Prime Minster, Robert Fico during a cabinet meeting held in Brezno. “It is likely that the deficit in 2008 will be around 2% or below. Our ambition is to decrease the deficit below 2% of GDP,” said Fico. The Prime Minister also stated that the 2007 fiscal deficit is expected to be 2.4 to 2.5% of GDP and will be safely below the 2.9% limit that is required for euro adoption.
The Slovak crown strengthened and the exchange rate fell below 33.00 SKK/EUR.
sony slovakia
By building the new centre the concern plans to replace some of the centres in Central or South-east Europe where the production capacity doesn't match the concern's current needs.
Sony representatives say they chose Slovakia as the most suitable country not only because of its position and Sony's good experience so far, but mainly because of its realistic chance to adopt the euro as early as January 2009.
Sony has been operating in Slovakia through its production plant in Trnava (producing TV sets and components) since 1996. Another Sony plant in Nitra launched its production in October 2007.
The Limitations of Globalisation
The clear advantages which economic theory identifies arising from trade and competition ignore transition effects. Economic theory also presumes a “level playing field” of equal opportunity for all participants.
Both of these issues give rise to important
reservations, and costs which are not taken into account.
First, when globalisation removes existing barriers to international trade and capital flows, trade will expand along the lines of comparative advantage. What this means is that each country will focus on producing those goods and services in which it enjoys a productivity advantage relative to its competitors. Those goods and services will be
exported. The country will reduce the output of those goods in which it experiences a
relative productivity disadvantage, and will import its requirements from its competitors.
But, this requires a significant readjustment of production and output and this will not be as frictionless as the theory suggests. Physical capital is typically dedicated to a specific production process and cannot be switched to another use. The same is true of labour skills. Thus, some capital and labour is likely to be unemployed in the transition period, which may be very long, indeed. Where industries are concentrated regionally, it is even possible that entire regions will remain depressed for years , if not indefinitely.
The Level Playing Field: Business Location
A second reservation with classical trade theory, and its over-simplified picture of globalisation as a “win-win for all” phenomenon, is based on the view that the world economy is not a “level playing field”. Countries express their individual preferences over a wide range of issues, such as the level of taxation and the provision of public services, location incentives to industry, valuation placed on the environment, exchange rate regimes and so forth.
In answer to the critique that the global economy is not a level playing field, I would pose
the question, “should it be?” and: “can it be?”
If we had as little bureaucracy as the EU ...
"If we had as little bureaucracy as the EU we would have to cut two thirds of our civil servants."
Hannes Androsch
Vorarlberger Wirtschaft, 2006/01
Hannes Androsch:
1970 Austrian Minister of Finance (until 1981)
1972 Member of the National Executive Committee of the SPÖ (until 1983)
1974 Member of the SPÖ Party Presidium and Deputy Party Chairman of the SPÖ
1976 Vice-chancellor (until 1981)
1979 Chairman of the OECD at minister level
1980 Chairman of the Interim Committee of the International Monetary Fund
1981 General Director of the Creditanstalt-Bankverein, (until 1988)
1988 Consultant at the World Bank (until 1989)
Where to go when you had enough of London, New York and all those big places? Bratislava, the little big city!
It declared its independence after the Velvet Revolution of 1989 and a new nation was born.
Bratislava is often overshadowed by its much larger, much more touristed step-brother, Prague. But, I'd been to the jewel of the Czech Republic and had heard that Bratislava was just as lovely, but with
less crowds and even lower prices for drink & entertainment. Bratislava is great. It is another one of those places that forces me to walk around its cobblestone, medieval pedestrian-only old quarter with a bit of a smitten grin plastered across my face. Not only is it
charmingly filled with story-book castles and towers and some amazing gothic and baroque architecture, there is a great artistic cultured feel to this town.
The streets brim with colorful cafes, museums, theaters, and art. It's summertime so there are
outdoor concerts nearly every night wafting the sounds of Jazz and even Latino beats through the echoey centuries old cavernous lanes. There are these fun whimsical life-size Bronze statues at every turnâ€"‘the Frenchman,’ ‘The Peeper,’ and ‘The
Photographer.’ I can tell I’m in Europe againâ€"there’s an artsy creative feel to these cities that seem to give them a progressive edge over many American cities. Although Millennium Park in Chicago is one place that comes to mind that always reminded me of something I’d find in Europe. The plazas and lanes here burst with life and public art mixes with form and nature. After 7pm,
families come out with their kids for a refreshing gelato treat, lovers nuzzle and purr into each others ears on benches lining the park, girlfriends laugh and chat over a glass of wine, and the tourists snap happy photos of this fairy tale scene that is real life Slovak-style.
Something hard not to notice hereâ€"the people are all beautiful. I have to say, so far on my trip, these
are the most gorgeous women, as a group, that I’ve encountered. Of course, I’ve seen pretty Asians, Australians, Argentineans, and Emiratis (at least their eyes were amazing), but the majority of the gals I pass here could all be walking right off the runway of a fashion show. You know them as all the eastern European models on the pages of the fashion mags: extremely tall with legs up to their neck, thin, and nearly perfect.
Another sign I’m in Eastern Europe? Beer is the breakfast of choice here with many locals. Every morning I would undoubtedly see guys hanging out at cafes way before noon with a couple pints of lager and a cigarette. I like to do as the locals do, but I still prefer a latte and maybe some eggs over easy. Or a bagelâ€"something else Slovakia has. I haven’t seen one of these since…hmmm….maybe Australia, but I honestly don’t recall any there either.
The one odd thing that stands out amidst the scene of medieval delightâ€"besides the rows and rows of
communist apartment buildings just on the ‘other’ side of town and the Soviet super highway that was built right
through the old Jewish quarter destroying dozens of old buildings in its path â€"is the local McDonald’s. But even it is brimming with life under the umbrellas on its alfresco ‘McCafe.’ And even this little slice of America somehow, if it’s possible, takes on an air of European charm.
The power of ignorance
has a neat explanation about why most movies might put you off these days...
By Caroline Briggs
BBC News
The Power of Nightmares began as a three-part documentary
Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11 thrust documentary film into the spotlight
at the Cannes Film Festival when it won the Palme d'Or for best film. The
Power Of Nightmares, by British documentary-maker Adam Curtis.
The powerful film looking at how fears over an organised Al-Qaeda terror
network have come to dominate US and UK politics was shown on the BBC last
year.
But organisers approached Curtis and asked him to make the three-part
documentary into a single film to be shown Out of Competition at the
festival.
Curtis is on the Riviera to watch the film premiere under the glare of the
world's media at the Palais on Saturday night.
"I'm really interested in why this lot - the cineastes and arty lot - are
interested in politics and factual stuff, and I think it is because they
have run out of ideas for fiction.
"People like me are interesting because we are describing the world in a
new sort of way."
Curtis used Gus Van Sant's Last Days - which is in competition for the
Palme d'Or - as an example of what he believes is lacking in current films.
The film is loosely based on the final days of Nirvana frontman Kurt
Cobain, who committed suicide in 1994.
Beautiful evocation
"I thought it was a good film, but I thought it is typical of a lot of
films of our time - they don't really know what to say about the world,"
Curtis explained.
"They can describe it beautifully, and Last Days was exactly that. It was a
beautiful, beautiful evocation of the horror of an event, but it didn't
explain it to you, and it almost didn't explain to you deliberately.
"It was sort of like, 'I'm going to just show what it was like to be
there', and that is what Last Days was like."
Curtis said Van Sant's direction was typical of the current emotional
climate about the importance of the individual running through the veins of
society.
"Film-makers have other responses to the world other than their own
emotions. We are living in a time when emotions rule everything.
"In a sense Mr Van Sant is being completely honest and true, which is
probably what a good artist does, but actually the only way you can be true
at the moment in terms of being an individual is to say 'well I feel this',
and that is his feeling about Columbine or about Kurt Cobain.
"I think the really difficult thing to do in our time is analyse why people
like Mr Van Sant only have that response."
Curtis believes Gus Van Sant relies on personal emotions for his movies
Curtis said The Power of Nightmares attempted to explain the modern world
and put it in context with the individual.
He said: "I think the cineastes and film-makers are getting quite
interested [in The Power of Nightmares] because a lot of their fiction has
run into a dead end.
"The film I have just made is about the relationship between individuals
and society.
"Film doesn't seem to want to 'do society' any longer, its sort of given up
on this, it is just about 'I feel this', which seems to be a condition of
our time.
"I haven't seen a movie that deals with society for 20 years."
The Power of Nightmares explains how Curtis believes the vision of an
Islamic terror network has been distorted by politicians intent on creating
a climate of fear.
I will have to make it absolutely clear that I am not saying there is no
terrorist threat, but it isn't as simple as you are being told
Adam Curtis
The film makes it clear there are fanatical individuals willing to conduct
acts of terror, but shows there is no formal terrorist Al-Qaeda
organisation.
Talks are underway at Cannes with distributors who are keen to show the
film in the US. Curtis said he hoped any screening of the film would open
up a "critical debate" in the US about the existence of Al-Qaeda and the
wider terrorist threat touted by politicians.
"I will be questioned a lot, but maybe this is rather optimistic, I think
there is a sense in the backs of people's minds that things don't quite add
up.
"I will have to make it absolutely clear that I am not saying there is no
terrorist threat, but it isn't as simple as you are being told. The threat
has been over-simplified in the wake of September 11.
"I hope that would receive a decent critical response, rather than an
emotional response."
Some interesting facts about the EU
- Multinationals benefit most from globalisation according to 87% of EU citizens
Multinationals, financial markets, the European Union, the United States, Japan, China,
developing countries, consumers all benefit from globalisation according to a majority of
EU citizens. However, farmers and small and medium sized companies seem to lose out. - Over three in four citizens in the European Union have heard of globalisation
Awareness of the concept of globalisation seems to be high in most Member States.
However, in Luxembourg and the United Kingdom, close to two in five respondents
have not heard of it. - 63% of citizens are in favour of the development of globalisation
Citizens support globalisation in each Member State with the exception of Greece where
a majority are opposed. - Over two in five respondents believe that the Single Market and their domestic
economy is sufficiently open to the needs of international trade - 43% of respondents believing that their country’s economy is too open also believe that
the European Union is too liberal. However, respondents are more critical of their
country’s level of protectionism as 43% of those who believe that their country’s economy
is too closed believe on the other hand that the European Union is neither too
protectionist nor too liberal. - Over one in two citizens are optimistic about their personal future and that of home
economy should globalisation intensify - France, Greece and Belgium are the only Member States where a majority are
pessimistic about their personal future and the economic impact on their country should
globalisation intensify. In France and Belgium, respondents are in favour of the concept
of globalisation in general but when asked for their views on the consequences at a level
that is closer to themselves, they are more critical. Positive perceptions on a personal and
economic level go hand-in-hand. 75% of respondents believing that they would gain on a
personal level should globalisation intensify are also optimistic about the economic
impact. - 62% of citizens believe in the effectiveness of controlling globalisation and 56% are
calling for regulation to be stepped-up - In most Member States a majority of citizens believe in the regulation of globalisation.
Respondents in Denmark and Luxembourg are least convinced of the effectiveness of
regulation with respectively 59% and 52% indicating that they believe that globalisation
cannot be effectively controlled. - Three in four European Union citizens believe that the United States exercises too
much influence on globalisation - 37% of citizens believe that the European Union has a suitable level of influence on the
process of globalisation. According to a majority of citizens the United States,
multinationals and financial circles seem to exercise too much influence - a fact that is
compounded by the low level of trust EU citizens place in these players. Consumer
associations, however, are well placed to increase their level of influence on the process
of globalisation. - 79% of citizens believe that anti or alter-globalist movements raise points that
deserve to be debated - In each Member State a majority of respondents believe that anti or alter-globalist
movements raise points that deserve to be debated. However, such movements are seen
to be lacking in their ability to change its development. - 58% of citizens support the European Commission in its role as negotiator on
international trade issues - Finland and the United Kingdom are the only two countries where a majority of
respondents believe that the European Commission cannot sufficiently account for the
interests of their country.
The Schengen feeling
Many can still recall the pre-1989 atmosphere on buses or trains. People nervously clutched their passports as they approached the Slovak-Hungarian or Slovak-Polish border crossings, ready to get a new stamp every time they visited a town on the other side of the border, even when they could see it from their gardens. Nervous mothers silenced their children, fearing that the border guards would search for the extra package of Hungarian or Polish candy that they hid under the seat because they exceeded the unofficial quota.
Though many walls and curtains have been torn down, some psychological barriers will remain, even after the metal ramps of the border crossings are taken to the scrap yard and border officers are relocated to Slovakia’s border with Ukraine, which becomes the eastern border of the European Union.
feudal USA vs. The civilised european union...
the biggest economy in the world...
This is very similar to other 3rd world countries, pseudodemocracies &
other oligarchies.
Sins of NGOs in Slovakia and elsewhere
Lets clarify that when we talk about NGOs we do not focus on things like greenpeace or unicef. we are talking about strange outfits that seem to have limitless funding to affect the political climate
Now read on:
The following is an excerpted article from The Economist:
Sins of the secular missionaries
Aid and campaign groups, or NGOs, matter more and more in world affairs. But they are often far from being "non-governmental", as they claim. And they are not always a force for good
A YOUNG man thrusts his crudely printed calling card at the visitor. After his name are printed three letters: NGO. "What do you do?" the visitor asks."I have formed an NGO.""Yes, but what does it do?""Whatever they want. I am waiting for some funds and then I will make a project."
Once little more than ragged charities, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are now big business. Somalia, where that exchange took place, is heaven for them. In large parts of the country, western governments, the United Nations and foreign aid agencies cannot work directly; it is too dangerous. ...outsiders must work through local groups, which become a powerful source of patronage. "Anybody who's anybody is an NGO these days," sighs one UN official.
And not just in Somalia. NGOs now head for crisis zones as fast as journalists do: a war, a flood, refugees, a dodgy election, even a world trade conference, will draw them like a honey pot. Last spring, Tirana, the capital of Albania, was swamped by some 200 groups intending to help the refugees from Kosovo. In Kosovo..., the ground is now thick with foreign groups competing to foster democracy, build homes and proffer goods and services. Environmental activists in Norway board whaling ships; do-gooders gather for the Chiapas rebels in Mexico.
In recent years, such groups have mushroomed. A 1995 UN report on global governance suggested...nearly 29,000 international NGOs existed. Domestic ones have grown even faster. By one estimate, there are now 2m in America alone, most formed in the past 30 years. In Russia, where almost none existed before the fall of communism, there are at least 65,000. Dozens are created daily; in Kenya alone, some 240 NGOs are now created every year.
Most of these are minnows; some are whales, with annual incomes of millions of dollars and a worldwide operation. Some are primarily helpers, distributing relief where it is needed; some are mainly campaigners, existing to promote issues deemed important by their members. The general public tends to see them as uniformly altruistic, idealistic and independent. ...the term "NGO", like the activities of the NGOs themselves, deserves much sharper scrutiny.
Governments' puppets?
The tag "Non-Governmental Organisation" was used first at the founding of the UN. It implies...NGOs keep their distance from officialdom; they do things...governments will not, or cannot, do. In fact, NGOs have a great deal to do with governments. Not all of it is healthy. Take the aid NGOs. A growing share of development spending, emergency relief and aid transfers passes through them. According to Carol Lancaster, a former deputy director of USAID, America's development body, NGOs have become "the most important constituency for the activities of development aid agencies". Much of the food delivered by the World Food Programme, a UN body, in Albania last year was actually handed out by NGOs working in the refugee camps. Between 1990 and 1994, the proportion of the EU's relief aid channelled through NGOs rose from 47% to 67%. The Red Cross reckons...NGOs now disburse more money than the World Bank.
And governments are happy to provide that money. Of Oxfam's #98m ($162m) income in 1998, a quarter, #24.1m, was given by the British government and the EU. World Vision US, which boasts of being the world's "largest privately funded Christian relief and development organisation", collected $55m-worth of goods that year from the American government. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the winner of last year's Nobel peace prize, gets 46% of its income from government sources. Of 120 NGOs which sprang up in Kenya between 1993 and the end of 1996, all but nine received all their income from foreign governments and international bodies. Such official contributions will go on, especially if the public gets more stingy. Today's young, educated and rich give a smaller share of their incomes away than did -- and do -- their parents.
In Africa, where international help has the greatest influence, western governments have long been shifting their aid towards NGOs. America's help, some $711m last year, increasingly goes to approved organisations, often via USAID. Europe's donors also say...bilateral aid should go to NGOs, which are generally more open and efficient than governments. For the UN, too, they are now seen as indispensable. The new head of the UN's Development Programme says the body "will put a lot more emphasis on relations with NGOs". Most such agencies now have hundreds of NGO partners.
So the principal reason for the recent boom in NGOs is ...western governments finance them. This is not a matter of charity, but of privatisation: many "non-governmental" groups are becoming contractors for governments. Governments prefer to pass aid through NGOs because it is cheaper, more efficient -- and more at arm's length -- than direct official aid.
Governments also find NGOs useful in ways that go beyond the distribution of food and blankets. Some bring back useful information, and make it part of their brief to do so. Outfits such as the International Crisis Group and Global Witness publish detailed and opinionated reports from places beset by war or other disasters. The work of Global Witness in Angola is actually paid for by the British Foreign Office.
Diplomats and governments, as well as other NGOs, journalists and the public, can make good use of these reports. As the staff of foreign embassies shrink, and the need to keep abreast of events abroad increases, governments inevitably turn to private sources of information. In some benighted parts of the world, sometimes only NGOs can nowadays reveal what is going on.
Take...human rights, the business of one of the biggest of the campaigning NGOs, Amnesty International. Amnesty has around 1m members in over 162 countries, and its campaigns against political repression, in particular against unfair imprisonment, are known around the world. The information it gathers is often unavailable from other sources.
Where western governments' interests match those of campaigning NGOs, they can form
effective alliances. In 1997, a coalition of over 350 NGOs pushed for, and obtained, a treaty against the use of landmines. The campaign was backed by the usual array of concerned governments (Canada, the Scandinavians) and won the Nobel peace prize.
NGOs are...interesting and useful to governments because they work in the midst of conflict. Many were created by wars: the Red Cross after the Battle of Solferino in 1859, the Save the Children Fund after the first world war, MSF after the Biafran war. By being "close to the action" some NGOs, perhaps unwittingly, provide good cover for spies -- a more traditional means by which governments gather information.
In some cases, NGOs are taking over directly from diplomats: not attempting to help the victims of war, but to end the wars themselves. Some try to restrict arms flows, such as Saferworld, which is against small arms. Others attempt to negotiate ceasefires. The Italian Catholic lay community of Sant' Egidio helped to end 13 years of civil war in Mozambique in 1992. International Alert, a London-based peace research group, tried the same for Sierra Leone in the mid-1990s. Last year, Unicef (a part of the UN) and the Carter Centre, founded by ex-President Jimmy Carter, brought about a peace deal of sorts between Uganda and Sudan. There are now roughly 500 groups registered by the European Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation. "Civil war demands civil action," say the organisers.
Larger NGOs have pledged not to act as "instruments of government foreign policy". ...at times they are seen as just that. Governments are more willing to pay groups to deliver humanitarian aid to a war zone than to deliver it themselves. Last autumn, America's Congress passed a resolution to deliver food aid to rebels in southern Sudan via USAID and sympathetic Christian groups (religious NGOs earn the label RINGOs, and are found everywhere).
Perhaps the most potent sign of the closeness between NGOs and governments, aside from their financial links, is the exchange of personnel. In developing countries, where the civil service is poor, some governments ask NGOs to help with the paperwork requested by the World Bank and other international institutions. Politicians, or their wives, often have their own local NGOs. In the developed world, meanwhile, increasing numbers of civil servants take time off to work for NGOs, and vice versa: Oxfam has former staff members not only in the British government, but also in the Finance Ministry of Uganda. This symbiotic relationship with government (earning some groups the tag GRINGO) may make the governments of developing countries work better. It may also help aid groups to do their job effectively. ...it hardly reflects their independence.
NGOS can also stray too close to the corporate world. Some, known to critics as "business NGOs", deliberately model themselves on, or depend greatly on, particular corporations. Bigger ones have commercial arms, media departments, aggressive head-hunting methods and a wide array of private fund-raising and investment strategies. Smaller ones can be overwhelmed by philanthropic businesses or their owners: Bill Gates, the head of Microsoft, gave $25m last year to an NGO that is looking for a vaccine for AIDS, transforming it overnight from a small group with a good idea to a powerful one with a lot of money to spend.
The business of helping
In 1997, according to the OECD, NGOs raised $5.5 billion from private donors. The real figure may well be higher: as leisure, travel and other industries have grown, so too have charities. In 1995 non-profit groups (including, but not only, NGOs) provided over 12% of all jobs in the Netherlands, 8% in America and 6% in Britain.
Many groups have come to depend on their media presence to help with fund-raising. This is bringing NGOs their greatest problems. They are adapting from shoebox outfits, stuffing envelopes and sending off perhaps one container of medicines, to sophisticated multi-million-dollar operations. In the now-crowded relief market, campaigning groups must jostle for attention: increasingly, NGOs compete and spend a lot of time and money marketing themselves. Bigger ones typically spend 10% of their funds on marketing and fund-raising. The focus of such NGOs can easily shift from finding solutions and helping needy recipients to pleasing their donors and winning television coverage. Events at Goma, in Congo, in 1994 brought this problem home. Tens of thousands of refugees from Rwanda, who had flooded into Goma, depended on food and shelter from the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and from NGOs. Their dramatic plight drew the television cameras and, with them, the chance for publicity and huge donations. A frantic scramble for funds led groups to lie about their projects. Fearful...the media and then the public might lose confidence in NGOs, the Red Cross drew up an approved list of NGOs and got them to put their names to a ten-point code of conduct, reproduced above.
Since then, NGOs have been working hard to improve. More than 70 groups and 142 governments backed the 1995 code of conduct, agreeing...aid should be delivered "only on a basis of need". "We hold ourselves accountable to both those we seek to assist and those from whom we accept resources," they pledged. Yet in Kosovo last year there was a similar scramble, with groups pushing to be seen by camera crews as they worked. Personnel and resources were even shifted there from worse wars and refugee crises in Africa.
As they get larger, NGOs are also looking more and more like businesses themselves. In the past, such groups sought no profits, paid low wages -- or none at all -- and employed idealists. Now a whole class of them, even if not directly backed by businesses, have taken on corporate trappings. Known collectively as BINGOs, these groups manage funds and employ staff which a medium-sized company would envy. Like corporations, they attend conferences endlessly. Fund-raisers and senior staff at such NGOs earn wages comparable to the private sector. Some bodies, once registered as charities, now choose to become non-profit companies or charitable trusts for tax reasons and so that they can control their spending and programmes more easily. Many big charities have trading arms, registered as companies. One manufacturing company, Tetra Pak, has even considered sponsoring emergency food delivery as a way to advertise itself. Any neat division between the corporate and the NGO worlds is long gone. Many NGOs operate as competitors seeking contracts in the aid market, raising funds with polished media campaigns and lobbying governments as hard as any other business. Governments and UN bodies could now, in theory, ask for tenders from businesses and NGOs to carry out their programmes. It seems only a matter of time before this happens. If NGOs are cheap and good at delivering food or health care in tough areas, they should win the contracts easily.
Good intentions not enough
It could be argued...it does not matter even if NGOs are losing their independence, becoming just another arm of government or another business. GRINGOs and BINGOs, after all, may be more efficient than the old sort of charity.
Many do achieve great things: they may represent the last hope for civilians caught in civil wars, for those imprisoned unfairly and for millions of desperate refugees. There are many examples of small, efficient and inspirational groups with great achievements: the best will employ local people, keep foreign expertise to a minimum, attempt precise goals (such as providing clean water) and think deeply about the long-term impact of their work. Some of these grow into large, well-run groups.
...there are also problems. NGOs may be assumed to be less bureaucratic, wasteful or corrupt than governments, but under-scrutinised groups can suffer from the same chief failing: they can get into bad ways because they are not accountable to anyone. Critics also suspect... some aid groups are used to propagate western values, as Christian missionaries did in the 19th century. Many NGOs, lacking any base in the local population and with their money coming from outside, simply try to impose their ideas without debate. For example, they often work to promote women's or children's interests as defined by western societies, winning funds easily but causing social disruption on the ground.
Groups that carry out population or birth-control projects are particularly controversial; some are paid to carry out sterilisation programmes in the poor parts of the world, because donors in the rich world consider there are too many people there. Anti-"slavery" campaigns in Africa, in which western NGOs buy children's freedom for a few hundred dollars each, are notorious. Unicef has condemned such groups, but American NGOs continue to buy slaves -- or people they consider slaves -- in southern Sudan. Clearly, buying slaves, if that is what they are, will do little to discourage the practice of trading them.
NGOs...get involved in situations where their presence may prolong or complicate wars, where they end up feeding armies, sheltering hostages or serving as cover for warring parties. These may be the unintended consequences of aid delivery, but they also complicate foreign policy.
Even under calmer conditions, in non-emergency development work, not all single-interest groups may be the best guarantors of long-term success. They are rarely obliged to think about trade-offs in policy or to consider broad, cross-sector approaches to development. NGOs are "often organised to promote particular goals...rather than the broader goal of development," argues Ms Lancaster. In Kosovo last spring, "many governments made bilateral funding agreements with NGOs, greatly undermining UNHCR's ability to prioritise programmes or monitor efficiency," says Peter Morris of MSF. This spring in Kosovo, "there were instances of several NGOs competing to work in the same camps, duplication of essential services," complains an Oxfam worker. And whatever big international NGOs do in the developing world, they bring in western living standards, personnel and purchasing power which can transform local markets and generate great local resentment. In troubled zones where foreign NGOs flourish, weekends bring a line of smart four-by-fours parked at the best beaches, restaurants or nightclubs. The local beggars do well, but discrepancies between expatriate staff and, say, impoverished local officials trying to do the same work can cause deep antipathy. Not only have NGOs diverted funds away from local governments, but they are often seen as directly challenging their sovereignty.
NGOs can also become self-perpetuating. When the problem for which they were founded is solved, they seek new campaigns and new funds. The old anti-apartheid movement, its job completed, did not disband, but instead became another lobby group for southern Africa. As NGOs become steadily more powerful on the world scene, the best antidote to hubris, and to institutionalisation, would be this: disband when the job is done. The chief aim of NGOs should be their own abolition.
americans and guns
Sometimes i dont think that its a good idea that the USA is the biggest possessor of nuclear weapons on the planet...
http://www.snotr.com/embed/523
Contradictionary terms
Corporate responsibility
Employee welfare
Private health insurance
Environmental policy
social mobility
Pensionable age
Compassionate conservative
May I also suggest some newly incompatible word pairs that will elicit
mirth in the future.
love & marriage
first-time (home) buyer
career path
job satisfaction
constructive criticism
impartial advice (especially financial)
public relations
objective reporting
words that cannot be used in any context
civic
progressive
left
prudent
loyal
committed
generous
pro-bono
open-minded
re-distribution
medical bills and bankruptcy in USA
I will refer to a simple thing about the American example, that I think might give one a good reason to think twice..
FROM BBC
"For the 1.5 million Americans who go through bankruptcy in an average year, medical bills are the leading cause. For all of that, you would think there would be a loud and visible constituency for healthcare reform.
You would think there would large demonstrations, or at least aggressive lobbying for change. But there is very little."See more at BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7006933.stm
ALSO note these graphs when drawing your conclusions:
Saving for a rainy day (particularly for this non existent health safety-net) (negative saving is of course borrowing...)
Great news! Slovakia to Start Meeting Maastricht Inflation Criterion Next Month
Initial estimates that the country could meet this criterion as soon as August will thus not be confirmed. The reason for this, however, is not worse inflation development in Slovakia but a change to the calculation base for the reference value.
“Development of the inflation rate still allows us to assume we would meet the nominal part of this criterion this year as well as in March 2008 and further in 2008, which we consider key issues for evaluation of the Maastricht criterion itself,” the Governor concluded.
Admiring the rich & famous
powerful, and to despise, or, at least, to neglect persons of poor and mean
condition is the great and most universal cause of the corruption of our
moral sentiments."
Adam Smith (The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 1759):
also...
Theodore Roosevelt ("New Nationalism" speech, 1910): "I believe in a
graduated income tax on big fortunes, and in another tax which is far more
easily collected and far more effective-a graduated inheritance tax on big
fortunes, properly safeguarded against evasion and increasing rapidly with
the size of the estate."
Romano Prodi - Italian Prime Minister & former head of the EU commission Says that Slovakia is an economic miracle.
Bratislava, Slovakia. "Slovakia has become a real economic miracle in Europe." - Romano Prodi, Italian Premier (And former head of the European Commision)
We have come to a major milestone in economic development in Slovakia. According to latest estimates by Eurostat, Slovakia is to achieve the second highest ranking in standard-of-living among the Visegrad 4 countries, moving ahead of Hungary in terms of GDP per capita.
Slovakia has exhibited an outstanding GDP growth in recent years, which is becoming tangible. A strong and stable economy means more local spending power.
